First Frogmouths have hatched

The female frogmouth comes in to the nest

The first tawny Frogmouths hatched over the 26-27th September, taking less than forty hours from the first fidgeting of the incubating adult to seeing the two chicks in the nest. All this was recorded using a remote camera, set to record on registering movement in the field of view. There is very little sound on the recording as all took place in silence: the birds did not call to one another, the chicks did not even cheep when begging for food, and the birds' flight is almost silent. This is all in defense against predators hearing them, especially powerful owls, even though there are none near the nest?. They are considerable predators in parts of the Tawny Frogmouth's range.

To see more, click on the link to a YouTube video below, it is 3m 20sec long and 7Mb.

Tawny Frogmouths feeding newly-hatched chicks

The video opens with the male sitting on the nest, as he had done for the whole previous day. The female then comes to relieve him of his duties, but brings no food for the chicks as she would not have known there were chicks in the nest - they had hatched since her last vigil on the previous night. 

The male is recognizable as the larger bird, with a broad, well striped head, bold necklace markings and stronger markings on his wing and tail feathers. She is smaller and has less markings.

He then comes in with the first food for the newly-hatched chicks. The prey they both bring in is small, linear, legless and wingless - earthworms? The chicks were fed thirteen times during the night, seven by the male and six by the female, each taking it thier turn.

The male delicately feeds the chicks with their first meal

The camera used was a Bushnell Trophycam HD, with black flash.

Follow up on the colour-banded frogmouth

Thanks to everyone who showed interest and helped track down the origins of the colour-banded Tawny Frogmouth which I found the other day. And there were lots of you!

The local ACT branch of the RSPCA came back to me with the news that she was a bird which they had nursed back to health. She was found in Ainslie, a nearby suburb, after being hit by a car, then after four months in re-hab she was released in the same area. That all happened in 2010. So since then she has fully recovered, moved a few kilometers and is now playing an active part in the local breeding population of Tawny Frogmouths.

So, well done, to the person who found her, the staff and volunteers at the RSPCA.

For more information on what to do if you come across an injured wild animal in the ACT follow this link RSPCA wildlife and if you would like to donate any money in appreciation of their part in this happy ended tale follow this link donate to RSPCA

Colour-banded Tawny Frogmouth

I was out checking tawny frogmouths today, and was glad to see this female's partner on a new nest. But she had a surprise for me - she is colour-banded. I hadn't approached her too closely on previous visits and she hadn't shown her legs, nor have I had any reason to look at them as I have not marked any of my study birds to date. She has one pink plastic band on each leg and no metal ring from the banding scheme, so I suspect that she has escaped from captivity of some form. The bands look like pigeon racing or bird-fancier type; plastic with a clip closure. They also seem to have once been red, but now faded to pink under the UV light. If anyone out there knows anything about her origin, where and when she was banded, it would be very interesting to me. How far has she traveled and how old is she?

I am glad to see her free and breeding whatever her story. She is quite a well-marked bird with lots of rusty flecking in her plumage, and she has a thick dark necklace pattern.Well done if she did escape.

Yeh!! Free!!

New collection

I have started a new collection of images in my associated website portfolio

 Spotted Pardalote

To go to the page click here on Bird faces

Striated Pardalotes

                                                                             Striated Pardalote Pardalotus ornatus

Over the weekend I was out helping Mark Clayton banding birds with his long-term bird-banding project at Charcoal Tank Nature Reserve near West Wyalong. The study site is in western New South Wales, in a remnant of once extensive woodland growing on the western plains.

  Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus, with a yellow wing spot

It is still early Spring and many migrants are on their return flights home to their respective breeding grounds after spending winter elsewhere. And one of the birds we caught and banded was of a race of Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus, which only breeds in Tasmania, but overwinters within the range of two other races of Striated pardalote. On the same day in the same place, we also caught and banded pardalotes of the eastern race, P. ornatus, which only breeds in south-east Australia. The distinguishing feature between them is the colour of their wing spots - coloured tips to their greater primary coverts. In the Tasmanian race they are yellow, and in the Eastern race they are red.

                                                              Striated Pardalote Pardalotus ornatus, with a red wing spot

                                                      Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus, showing the yellow tips  to 
                                                      the primary coverts which merge when folded to form the wingspot,
                                                      and a single narrow white stripe on the seventh primary. 
                                                      (Pardalotes only have nine primaries).

The study site sits on the boundary between the range of the P. ornatus race and that of the very similar race P. substriatus, which breeds in west and central Australia. The two races described above have only a narrow white wingstripe on the outer web of one primary feather (p7), while the P. substriatus race has a wide stripe over several primary feathers (p3-7). See the report for September 20 2011 for comparison with these. Click on this link to go directly there. Pardalote substriatus

Book review

There is a review of my book Eagle Days in the current issue of  British Birds.

'there is no shortage of information about the eagles themselves and there are detailed accounts of many fascinating aspects of eagle behaviour based on first hand observations.....
The book is superbly illustrated with the author's own photographs....'

Click on the link below to read the full review by Ian Carter.

http://www.britishbirds.co.uk/book-reviews/eagle-days-by-stuart-rae


And there was another recent review in the British Ecological Society's Bulletin.

'This is a fascinating read by one of our finest hill naturalists who has spent much of his life
observing golden eagles and other wildlife in the Scottish Highlands...... 
Ecologists, hill walkers and naturalists working in upland areas would do well to read this book to broaden and deepen their knowledge.'

Wattle in flower

There is a tremendous bloom of wattle in Canberra this year. Whole hillsides are bright yellow and the bushes are full of insects and birds. But not all the birds are there to chase the insects or sip nectar. This pair of tawny frogmouths were quietly roosting on an old tree limb, basking in the sunshine. Their part-built nest was fifty metres away. The male is on the left - he is slightly larger and has less rufous on his neck and wing coverts.

 

Tawny Frogmouths breeding

The first tawny Frogmouths are now incubating eggs.So the field season is now on for me until at least Christmas. That means lots of walking through the woods, checking locations where there have been frogmouths nesting in previous years and always looking out for more in new places.

A male frogmouth sits on his nest, as all males do during the day.

His female sits quietly all day in a nearby tree, they will share the 

incubation during the night, never leaving the eggs unattended.

Garden Possum

Brush-tailed possum in the garden

Click on the link below to watch the video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8bYBfLH70E

I have set up a trap camera in the back garden to try it out and here are the first results. These are infra-red images of a Brush-tailed Possum, which are our common garden pet/pest depending on one's attitude to wildlife. He is feeding on scraps which we place on the old log for the birds during the day and the possums at night.

Not bad, for my very first wildlife film.

The camera I am using is a Bushnell Trophy Cam HD, and it was set about 4m from the log..

Spring rain

After a cold fairly dry winter there has been some rain recently, and spring is on the way. The tawny frogmouths have started to build their nests and are sitting close by. This male was sitting on his own while two females sat in a nearby tree. The rain has awakened the frogs which are now calling, and the invertebrates are moving. All good food for frogmouths, so they will lay their eggs soon.

The rain was rather heavy most of the day but he was quite sheltered, tucked in under the main stem of the tree above him. His head was catching some water though, and the water droplets were beading on his head and bristles.

Lyrebird chick

The lyrebird chick I found is now three weeks old and is beginning to shed it's down. Although it might benefit from that deep soft plumage for a few days yet as there was a fall of about two feet of snow last week up on the hill range in the nesting area and it was still lying around the nest. The adult female was nowhere to be seen when I approached the nest or while I was there. She will be spending most of her time foraging and will bring food back to the chick maybe once an hour. The chick is independent of her for daytime warmth now, but she will continue to brood it at night for another two weeks or so. Then it will be wholly on its own, until it fledges at seven weeks.

The blue irides are the true colour of the young bird's eyes.

Lyrebirds

Yesterday, I was surveying lyrebirds up in the Brindabella Mountains behind Canberra. This was done by listening for and mapping singing males. I have been doing this since 2000, before the big fire which burnt out most of their habitat of leaflitter-rich ground cover beneath tall forest canopy. And as an aside I check a few places where I have known the birds to build their nests in the past. One such site is on rocks at the head of a gully, and I soon found a new nest from this year, set a few metres up on a cliff.

Their nests are large stick-built affairs about a metre in height and width, within which there is a tight spherical cavity lined with roots. And in the base of that the female lays her single egg in a bed of down and feathers.I expected to find an egg hidden in the down (the female was nowhere near the nest as they habitually leave eggs and young for long periods of the day) but was surprised to find a chick. In previous years I have found recently laid eggs at this date. So this was an early breeding attempt. 

The chick was lying quietly in the warm nest and would be easily overlooked by a predator. It was only as I looked closely that it raised its head and squawked at me with a very shrill call, which I am sure would deter many a predator to poke its head into the nest.

Magazine article

Leopard magazine have published an article in their August issue based on pieces lifted from the Eagle Days book. This is a general interest, and the best-selling magazine in north east Scotland. So it is good that some of what I have described in the book will now reach people who do not usually read wildlife books or magazines. 

New photographs uploaded to the website

 Lichens on a gravestone, Braemar, Scotland

I have uploaded three new albums to my photographic portfolio on my website; Scottish Wildlife 2012, Sutherland 2012 and Norway 2012. Just a small selection from the hundreds which I took when in Scotland and Norway recently.

 click here to go to website

Sandwich Tern

Willow Grouse

Male willow grouse

While in Norway I saw several willow grouse, always close to willow or birch scrub where they were feeding on the opening leaf buds and catkins. The male, above, has a redder colouring to his head and neck, and much more white on his body and wing feathers. Both sexes moult into almost pure white plumage in the winter, then back into a rusty brown feather colour in spring, the female doing so more quickly than the male as she has to be concealed on the nest and white feathers would betray her camouflage.

 Female willow grouse

The females were incubating eggs while we were there in late June, and they only come off to feed perhaps once a day. This bird, above, was feeding on the opening leaf buds of herbs and moss capsules. One nest I saw held twelve eggs, another held nine. These are both quite large clutches, typical of the species when their population is on a rise which these seemed to be as few birds have been seen in recent years. 

 Female on nest

The females incubate for more than three weeks, lying still and quiet under the cover of as in this case, dwarf birch, Betula nana. And they do so in all weather, such as rain when I took the photographs. The rain beading on her head and bill, and her breast feathers were matting with water. But underneath she would have been warm and dry, her plumage shedding the water as long as she was undisturbed -which she was when I left her.

Nordic Waders

Wood sandpiper

I am just returned from northern Norway where I was helping my brother, Skitts, with his long-term study of breeding waders. However, as in Scotland this spring, there have been almost incessant northerly winds there. This has led to a late thaw and emergence of plants and insects, and very few birds were breeding compared with the amount in years of more usual weather. 

Wood sandpiper, which was caught and ringed

In one mire where there would normally have been twenty-forty pairs of wood sandpipers breeding there was only one pair with chicks. In some mires there were none. And it was similar story with spotted redshank and reeve. Red-necked phalaropes were particularly scarce, probably because they are surface feeders and as there were very few mosquitoes emerging they had no food supply.

Ringing a wood sandpiper chick.

Of the two main study species, jack snipe did not seem to be breeding at all, although several birds were seen displaying. And less than a quarter of the expected number of  broad-billed sandpiper were breeding.

Adult, (1st year) broad-billed sandpiper caught and colour-ringed for identification in the field in subsequent years of study.

Unfortunately, a high proportion of clutches from the few that were laid were eaten by predators. This was probably mostly by hooded crows which were walking over the mies, in large flocks of twenty or more birds, feeding on emerging cranefly. They would have welcomed any eggs they came across in the process. We also saw several red foxes roaming the area, and they would have been likely predators too.

Sandwich Terns

I was out ringing sandwich terns last week, as well as reading rings in the field. This was all part of a study organised by Grampian Ringing Group, and focused on the tern colony at the Sands of Forvie nature reserve  at Newburgh in Scotland.

One of the birds we read the colour ring number on, had been sighted in Namibia in February, and several others were birds reared at the colony over the past twelve years.

Many birds were flying in with fish, so I tried to capture as many of these as possible, to identify what prey they were feeding on. This could prove useful in future if the fish stocks change and effect the birds' breeding performance.

And as the evening light was so good I took some illustrative shots of the birds.

The whole experience was wonderful, such a busy, noisy, spectacle.

Ancient rocks 

I was up on Arkle last week, a mountain in the the north-west Highlands. This is a land of complex geology and marvellous landforms. The hill is topped by 500 million year old quartzite, laid down in shallow seas. 

Now it is 250m above sea level and forms a hard stony surface, breaking down into screes and coarse nutrient-poor soils - a desert like place.

Few plants can gain hold and find a niche to live on these wind-scoured tops, but here a single bud of Thrift comes into bloom amongst the sharp rocks.

Water has collected on part of the lower plateau forming a lochan which shines blue in the white landscape, due to the nutrient poor water and few plants or animal life that can live in it.

5000 UP


There have now been over 5000 visitors to this blog. It is actually much more but the counter was down for a while.

Thanks to all who have shared.

Stuart

Dead eagle chick

While checking golden eagle breeding success this week Derek Spencer (above) and I found this dead chick in one eyrie. It had died when about three days old, which would perhaps fit with how long it could live off the nutrients held its yolk sac post hatching. Had it died due to insufficient food being brought to it by its parents, or was it a sickly bird from hatch? The body will be analysed for clues to what happened. The chick's head and feet had been eaten, by an adult bird, or some scavenger? 

Several of the eagle nests we checked were empty. There has been a prolonged period of cold, snowy, northerly winds this spring and perhaps this has caused some birds to abandon their breeding attempts for this year. 

Ptarmigan nest sites

Rock Ptarmigan in Scotland usually nest close to boulders, which probably reduces the risk of detection by predators as their cryptically patterned plumage merges well with the colour and form of the lichen-covered rock. It was wet, in low cloud yesterday and this bird's back was covered with pearls of moisture.   

There are few human artifacts in the ptarmigan habitat of the high ground in the Highlands, but one such is the erection of snow-fences at the ski-resorts. And these decay over the years. I have known several ptarmigan nests to be placed near these, presumably for shelter from predators, but possibly also from wind, rain and snow. There are two such nests in my study area this year.One is at the base of an upright but partially broken fence.

Another nest was placed under a section of fallen fence. Both birds sat still, confiding in their camouflage for protection.